Hospitals in Singapore Report Rising Malnutrition Among Seniors

In Singapore, hospitals are reporting a concerning increase in the number of older adults at risk of malnutrition. This trend has been attributed to various factors, including chronic illnesses and changes in appetite, which have significantly affected dietary intake among seniors. According to NHG Health, the percentage of patients admitted with malnutrition risk jumped from 30 per cent in 2022 to 40 per cent in 2023.

Rising Malnutrition Rates Among Older Adults

The healthcare cluster, which includes notable institutions such as Tan Tock Seng Hospital and Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, has seen a dramatic rise in malnourished patients. In 2023, approximately 56 per cent of those assessed by NHG Health’s dieticians were identified as malnourished or at risk. This figure is projected to climb to 66 per cent by 2025.

“More seniors are consuming insufficient energy and protein, which can lead to unintended weight loss and a decline in physical function,” explained Adjunct Associate Professor Lim Yen Peng, NHG’s director of group allied health and senior principal dietitian. She emphasized the critical nature of adequate nutrition for older adults, noting that malnutrition could heighten the risk of conditions such as dementia and falls.

Factors contributing to malnutrition include a decrease in appetite as seniors age, often stemming from alterations in taste and smell. This diminished desire to eat can result in inadequate nutrient intake. A national nutrition survey conducted in 2022 revealed that one in two individuals aged 50 to 69 failed to meet the recommended protein intake of 20g to 30g per meal, equivalent to about a palm-sized chicken breast.

Consequences and Community Initiatives

In addition to protein deficiencies, older adults are often lacking in essential vitamins and minerals like Vitamin D and calcium, both critical for maintaining bone health and preventing cognitive decline. Physical disabilities can further complicate nutritional intake, especially for those living alone who may lack motivation to prepare healthy meals.

“Malnutrition can weaken the immune system, cause muscle loss, and increase the risk of falls and fractures,” warned Professor Lim. “It also affects mood and memory, ultimately diminishing quality of life and independence.” To combat this worrying trend, the National University Hospital (NUH) has observed that one in seven older adults are at risk of malnutrition, with 2 to 3 per cent of their patients identified as malnourished.

Despite growing awareness about the importance of nutrition, the situation remains dire. Assoc Prof Reshma Merchant, head and senior consultant at NUH’s geriatric medicine division, stated that many hospitalized dementia patients are also at risk, as cognitive impairments may prevent them from recognizing nutritious foods. She noted that one-third of these patients face malnutrition risks.

In an effort to address the escalating rates of malnutrition, hospitals are partnering with community organizations to promote healthier eating habits among seniors. In June 2023, NHG Health launched the EatWise SG initiative, aiming to connect seniors with dieticians to tackle inadequate dietary support and improve recognition of malnutrition.

NUH is collaborating with Active Ageing Centres and the Health Promotion Board to raise awareness about nutritional needs, particularly protein intake. “For instance, some seniors might say they consume one egg a day, which provides only 6g of protein. We emphasize the need to supplement their meals to reach the required 20 to 30g of protein,” shared Assoc Prof Merchant. Events that encourage communal cooking and dining are also organized to engage seniors who may be isolated or at risk of malnutrition.

The growing focus on nutrition as a cornerstone of healthy aging underscores the urgent need for intervention to prevent further deterioration in health among older populations in Singapore. As healthcare providers continue to monitor this trend, proactive measures are essential to ensure that the nutritional needs of seniors are met effectively.