Israel and Hamas Agree to Ceasefire: Key Terms and Implications

Both Israel and Hamas have reached a tentative ceasefire agreement, bringing hope to civilians affected by the ongoing conflict. This ceasefire marks only the third such agreement since the outbreak of violence, despite multiple attempts to halt hostilities. If implemented effectively, it promises to end a campaign of violence that has led to severe humanitarian crises in Gaza, facilitate the release of hostages, and allow for essential aid to flow into the region.

The ceasefire is largely based on a **20-point plan** introduced by US President **Donald Trump** alongside Israeli Prime Minister **Benjamin Netanyahu** on **September 29, 2023**. The immediate terms of this agreement, identified as the “first phase,” include an end to hostilities, Israeli troop withdrawal to an agreed line, and a comprehensive exchange of hostages. Specifically, Points 3, 4, and 5 outline the cessation of military actions, the exchange of all living and deceased hostages, and the resumption of aid to Gaza.

While the initial steps outlined are encouraging, they represent the minimum expected from both parties. Over the past two years, Israeli military actions have devastated Gaza, leading to widespread starvation among its residents. Domestic Israeli pressures to secure the hostages’ return add urgency to the ceasefire’s implementation. Both sides have previously adhered to similar terms in ceasefires during **November 2023** and **January 2025**, fostering optimism that these conditions will be respected in the current agreement.

Uncertainties Loom After First Phase

Following the completion of the first phase, significant uncertainties arise regarding the future of both Hamas and Gaza. The situation bears similarities to ceasefire agreements from the **Syrian civil war**, which often created conditions that favored the stronger party. Once the hostages are released, Hamas is likely to find itself with limited bargaining power, rendering it vulnerable to Israeli military actions and political maneuvers.

Other terms in Trump’s peace plan related to Hamas’ demilitarization and the governance of Gaza remain vague, leaving crucial questions unanswered regarding their implementation. The lack of clarity surrounding these terms could allow Israel to exploit the situation, potentially justifying renewed military actions under the guise of non-compliance by Hamas.

To provide oversight, the United States has pledged **200 troops** to assist in monitoring the ceasefire. Despite this, Hamas has expressed skepticism about whether the US will fulfill its role effectively. Domestic opposition within Israel complicates the ceasefire’s stability, with certain factions, including National Security Minister **Itamar Ben-Gvir**, expressing outright hostility towards the agreement.

The Future of the Ceasefire and Gazan Civilians

The first phase of the ceasefire aims to achieve a hostage-prisoner swap, halt violence, and initiate humanitarian aid. However, the long-term implications of these agreements could lead to further Israeli dominance over Gaza rather than a genuine path to peace. As noted by a Palestinian leader from the **Yarmouk camp in Syria**, “If there is a ceasefire, people know the devil is coming.”

The effectiveness of this ceasefire will ultimately depend on the willingness of both parties to engage in meaningful negotiations moving forward. Without a commitment to Palestinian self-determination, the situation in Gaza may deteriorate further, leaving its residents in a precarious position. The coming days will be critical in determining whether this ceasefire will serve as a foundation for lasting peace or merely a temporary pause in hostilities.