Singapore Unveils Nuclear Energy Plans, Signs Agreements with US

Singapore has taken a significant step towards exploring nuclear energy as a potential power source by releasing a detailed background paper on October 27, 2023. The paper outlines the nation’s interests in nuclear energy and addresses public inquiries regarding its benefits and risks. This announcement was made by Tan See Leng, Minister-in-charge of Energy and Science & Technology, during the opening of the annual Singapore International Energy Week (SIEW).

In his address, Dr. Tan emphasized that the public has “many questions” about Singapore’s plans for nuclear energy. He explained that the government is seriously evaluating the deployment of nuclear energy, particularly through newer technologies like small modular reactors (SMRs). “Nuclear energy has the potential to be a safe, reliable, and cost-competitive option for Singapore,” he stated at the Singapore Energy Lecture held at Marina Bay Sands’ Expo and Convention Centre.

Considerations and Safety of Nuclear Energy

While Singapore has yet to decide on nuclear energy deployment, the government is actively studying its feasibility. A pre-feasibility study conducted in 2012 concluded that nuclear power plants were not suitable for Singapore’s densely populated environment. The latest 16-page background paper, a collaborative effort between the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI), Energy Market Authority (EMA), the Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment, and the National Environment Agency, revisits this assessment in light of recent technological advancements and global nuclear safety standards.

The background paper highlights nuclear energy as a potential solution to the energy trilemma—clean, affordable, and secure energy sources—that Singapore aims to achieve. The country is working to build its capabilities according to the International Atomic Energy Agency’s “Milestones Approach,” ensuring that any future nuclear energy decisions align with global safety and security protocols.

Generating nuclear energy produces no greenhouse gases, positioning it as a clean electricity source. The costs of nuclear energy could be comparable to those of other energy sources, such as natural gas and solar. With over 400 operational nuclear power plants worldwide, nuclear energy currently meets 10 percent of global electricity demands. Advances in nuclear technology, particularly in SMR designs, make nuclear energy a more viable option, as these smaller reactors offer enhanced safety and ease of transport.

Cooperation Agreements with US Institutions

To bolster Singapore’s expertise in nuclear energy, EMA will be signing new cooperation agreements with two prominent US organizations: the Idaho National Laboratory and the Battelle Memorial Institute. Dr. Tan announced these agreements during his speech at SIEW. The Idaho National Laboratory focuses on advancing nuclear energy technologies, while Battelle Memorial Institute is a non-profit organization known for applying scientific expertise to complex challenges, including those in nuclear energy.

These agreements follow previous collaborations between Singapore and the US, including a civil nuclear cooperation agreement known as the “123 Agreement,” signed in July 2022, which facilitates access to information and technological expertise. In January 2023, both nations signed a Memorandum of Understanding to enhance strategic civil nuclear cooperation.

Dr. Tan acknowledged the challenges Singapore faces in its energy transition amid rising geopolitical uncertainties. “Countries are reassessing their climate ambitions, placing renewed emphasis on economic resilience and self-sufficiency,” he noted. Despite these challenges, he reaffirmed Singapore’s commitment to urgent and resolute decarbonisation efforts, emphasizing that solar power remains the most viable renewable energy option for the country.

To meet its solar deployment target of at least two gigawatt-peak (GWp) ahead of 2030, the government is encouraging businesses and homeowners to install solar panels and exploring innovative urban applications for solar energy.

Exploring Biomethane and Natural Gas Efficiency

In addition to nuclear energy, Singapore is exploring biomethane as a low-carbon fuel option. The government plans to establish a regulatory sandbox for biomethane, with a capacity of up to 300 megawatts, to stimulate supply chain development and facilitate adoption by industry players. Biomethane, produced by upgrading biogas from organic waste, can seamlessly integrate into Singapore’s existing natural gas infrastructure.

While exploring alternative energy sources, natural gas will continue to play a critical role in Singapore’s energy system. Dr. Tan highlighted the need to maximize the efficiency of natural gas generation systems to ensure reliability. The government has introduced an incentive scheme for advanced natural gas power plants, awarding up to S$44 million (US$33.9 million) to operators of the first two advanced combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs), expected to reduce carbon emissions significantly.

Additionally, Singapore aims to transform its industrial sectors, particularly on Jurong Island, the nation’s energy and chemicals hub. With over 100 global companies operating there, the island is positioned to lead low-carbon innovation in the sector, having already increased the output of sustainable products by 1.4 times since 2019.

As Singapore navigates its energy transition, the government remains committed to exploring diverse energy pathways, balancing indigenous sources with imported green energy, and ensuring that the country’s energy future is sustainable and resilient.